For the sake of putting some of this altogether, let's summarize the geographic observations we've found for Ishmael's sons and daughters.
(1) Nebajoth/Nebaioth
We have no clear sign of where the firstborn went to inhabit, but we do get to follow the journeys of his two sisters when they intermarry with Esau and establish themselves in the land of Edom. So for the sake of a broad overview, we can reasonably draw out that Nebajoth is associated with the Kingdom of Edom shown below.
Based on the above map, Edom is located to south of both Judah and Moab, while being north of Arabia (not shown) and east of the Red Sea. One of the primary cities mentioned in our previous assessment was Bozrah. You can see a more blown up map that includes Bozrah here:
(2) Kedar
Kedar established his residence in what became known as Arabia. After looking at the maps above, one might initially think that Edom is fairly large. But by viewing the map below, you should gather a much bigger picture in your mind of just how large Arabia was.
You'll notice WAY up in the top corner is the city of Petra. Petra is, as we covered briefly earlier, the capital of Edom. It becomes apparent that the people of Arabia would naturally have liked to take ownership of the full region that stretches from the Arabian Sea to the Red Sea to the Meditteranean and across to the Dead Sea. Just as Americans are comforted by two oceans and great rivers that stretch across our nation, so goes the natural inclination of an ancient Arabian group before the Hebrews took over the Promised Land.
(3) Adbeel
Without much mention, it can only be deduced that this, the third son of Ishmael, joined one of his brothers in the same regions that they were going. Not every brother in a large family goes his own way. Some trounce the same path.
(4) Mibsam
Mibsam allows us tremendous and theoretically stretched potential for his residence near or in the midst of the Philistines. If so, his land would have been located here on westernmost part of the following map.
The Philistines made their home along the Meditteranean Sea and only inhabited a small portion of the area. Whether Mibsam was in the midst of this is, again, just theoretical.
(5) Mishma
We have absolutely no clues on the location of Mishma and therefore must conclude, for lack of any better suggestions, that like Adbeel, he followed one of the paths of his brothers.
(6) Dumah
Here we're given a fair amount of detail, but only insomuch as Seir is a primary city of Edom. If you look back to the map of Edom above, you should see the "hillside of Seir" which implies a mountainous region west and south of the Dead Sea extending through Jerusalem. Dumah makes a home amidst this region and appears to dominate the borders by way of archery and military prowess.
(7) Massa
No clear picture is given of Massa's location after birth, so although he was a "burden," he may have well been a tag-along with an older brother.
(8) Hadar
Few resources offer any concrete evidence to suggest Hadar was anything other than an Edomite king who reigned along with many others.
(9) Tema
Tema's likely residence was on the southern border of Syrian deserts. Thus, one might find their boundary if they look at a map of ancient Syria.
While the borders are relatively modern, keep in mind that it was in Assyria that Nineveh and Jonah's story took place. Jonah left the northern regions of Israel to obey the second command of God to communicate with his enemy. So when we think of Syria and Assyria, they are not so far apart in location. Hence, it is easy to see that the formation of Ishmael's family has been arguably stretching across a fair amount of land.
(10) Jetur
Along with his brother Naphish, they both established homes and families within the borders of the Promised Land and were destroyed when Manasseh and Reuben brought war upon them. We can see where Manasseh's tribe laid out their inhabitance after this war.
Manasseh took over both sides of the Jordan River, but if this was the original location of Jetur, then they, along with Naphish, had quite a bit of land.
(11) Naphish
Exactly the same fate awaited Naphish (along with his brother Jetur) as they temporarily dominated a fairly large land mass until the arrival of God's People Israel.
(12) Kedemah
As the baby of the family, it'd be understandable (considering that we have nothing else to go on) that he also adopted a following to his older brothers. If, on the other hand, he was the eldest, then it seems peculiar that nothing more is said about him. Where he went we just don't know.
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